What is sunscreen?

Sunscreen is designed to protect your skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It either absorbs UV rays or reflects them before they can penetrate the skin and cause damage.

There are two main types of UV filters in sunscreen. Chemical (organic) filters absorb UV rays and convert them into heat. Physical (mineral) filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, reflect UV rays off the skin’s surface. Many sunscreens also include antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation.

Why SPF Matters

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It measures how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, which are the primary cause of sunburn. For example, SPF 30 filters about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 filters about 98%.

Higher SPF sunscreens offer greater protection, but no sunscreen blocks 100% of UV rays. Reapplying sunscreen every two hours is crucial, regardless of the SPF. Always reapply after swimming, sweating, or towel drying.

Look for products labeled "broad spectrum." This means they protect against both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and contribute to aging and skin cancer, while UVB rays cause sunburn. Both are harmful.

How to Apply Sunscreen

Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outdoors. Use enough to fully cover exposed skin—about one ounce, or the size of a shot glass, for the entire body.

Don’t forget areas like the ears, tops of the feet, back of the neck, and scalp if it’s not covered by hair. Reapply at least every two hours or after swimming or sweating.

Is Sunscreen Important for all Skin Types?

People with all skin types need sun protection. While those with darker skin tones may have more natural melanin, they are still at risk for sun-related damage and skin cancer. Conditions like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are more common in skin of colour and can be worsened by sun exposure.

Unfortunately, people with skin of colour are less likely to use sunscreen. One common reason is the white cast that some products leave behind. Mineral sunscreens can be more visible on darker skin tones, but tinted mineral options or chemical sunscreens formulated for darker skin may be more suitable.

Protecting yourself during Peak Sun Hours

About 60% of cancer-causing UV radiation reaches the Earth between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Avoiding direct sun exposure during this time is one of the most effective ways to reduce your UV exposure.

Try using the shadow rule: if your shadow is shorter than you are, seek shade.

Additionally, wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and hats whenever possible.

Sunscreen for Children or Sensitive Skin

Children under six months should not use sunscreen. Keep infants in the shade and dress them in protective clothing. For older children, choose sunscreens formulated for sensitive skin, and test any new product on a small area first.

People with sensitive skin or allergies should do a patch test on the forearm before full application. If irritation develops, try a different product or consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider.

Choosing the Right Sunscreen

Select a broad-spectrum product with SPF 30 or higher. Water-resistant sunscreens are helpful for sports and swimming. Stick or spray formats can be convenient, but sprays must be rubbed in for full coverage.

Look for the Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA) logo, which indicates the product meets safety and effectiveness standards.

Sun Protection Beyond Sunscreen

Sunscreen is just one part of a complete sun safety plan. Combine it with other protective measures such as:

• Staying in the shade

• Wearing UV-protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats

• Using UV-blocking sunglasses

• Avoiding tanning beds

If you notice new or changing spots on your skin, especially on the palms, soles, or areas not typically exposed to sun, have them evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Choosing sunscreens at Wellcare College Pharmacy

Sunscreen is one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect your skin. Used correctly and consistently, it can prevent serious health risks and preserve the health and appearance of your skin for years to come.

Apply daily, reapply often, and combine sunscreen with other protective habits – it is a small step that can make a big difference.

If you have questions about which sunscreen is best for you or your family, speak with one of our pharmacists. We carry a variety of sunscreens for every skin type, including sensitive skin, water-resistant formulas, and tinted options.